2021年1月28日
今日の注目
海外の人と対等に国際問題について話したい人にとって、どっちにしろ難しい日本語の用語を理解して覚えるよりも、簡略化した英語で単語を理解していった方が実用的です！
英語版
When a society is ruled by a small group of people, it is called Oligarchy.
When a society is ruled by a small group of notable elites that are often classified by classes, it is called Aristocracy.
When a society is ruled by wealthy people, it is called Plutocracy.
When a society is ruled by religious authorities, it is called Theocracy.
Autocracy is led by a random individual with a restriction of citizens' participation.
Dictatorship is led by a random individual without consent by citizens.
Totalitarian has the ruling power over almost everything, including the control of citizens' rights.
Democracy allows citizens to participate in politics.
- Direct democracy; every government decision is determined by votes of citizens.
- Representative democracy(Republic); citizens elect representatives who determine government decisions. In order to avoid radical laws that are made by the representatives, a constitution is created to protect the minority.
Monarchy is led by a single ruler until the death of the monarch, such as a king and a queen. The monarch can be elected and also can be restricted by a constitution. There are many countries that are based on both monarchy and democracy.
Parliamentary system is a form of government that the legislative branch and the executive branch work together, but the judicial branch works independently. The executive is often divided into a president (a leader of the country) and prime minister (a leader of the government). Because of the separation of power, the term of the executive is not set.
Presidential system is a form of government that the legislative branch, the executive branch and the judicial branch work independently. President is a leader of the executive branch in a limited term.
Each country has different feature, and many countries use the mixture of different system for better.
References
ThoughtCo., Study.com, PEDIAA, LibreTexts, Annenberg Classroom, CK-12
